The Complete Guide to Spreader Beams
A practical guide covering spreader beam types, WLL, sling angles, DNV and CE certification, shackle selection and how to choose the right beam for safe lifting operations.
What this guide covers
- Spreader beams vs lifting beams
- Fixed, modular and adjustable beam types
- How span and sling angle affect capacity
- DNV Type Approval vs CE marking
- Shackle and rigging selection considerations
- How to specify the correct lifting arrangement
What is a Spreader Beam?
A spreader beam is a below-the-hook lifting device used to distribute lifting forces across multiple connection points. It is commonly used when handling long, heavy or flexible loads where stability, sling angle control and even load distribution are critical.
In a typical arrangement, the crane connects to each end of the beam using top slings, while the load is connected below. This allows the beam to work mainly in compression, making it an efficient solution for many heavy lifting applications.
For a simpler introduction to the basics, see our guide: What is a Spreader Beam?
A spreader beam helps control the lift by spreading the load forces, rather than concentrating them into one central lifting point.
Spreader Beam vs Lifting Beam
The terms are sometimes used together, but spreader beams and lifting beams behave differently. The right choice depends on the available headroom, load geometry, lifting points and rigging arrangement.
Best for load control and distribution
- Uses top slings connected at each end
- Beam is mainly loaded in compression
- Helps reduce sling angles on the load
- Suitable for long, wide or flexible loads
- Usually requires more headroom
Best where headroom is restricted
- Usually uses a single top lifting point
- Beam is mainly loaded in bending
- Useful for low-headroom lifts
- Can simplify the rigging arrangement
- Often suited to compact lifting operations
If you need a more detailed breakdown, read our full spreader beam vs lifting beam guide.
Use a spreader beam where load control and force distribution are the priority. Use a lifting beam where headroom is limited or a central top connection is required.
Types of Spreader Beams
Fixed Spreader Beams
Fixed spreader beams are designed for a specific span, capacity and lifting arrangement. They are a strong option for repeat operations where the load geometry does not change.
Modular Spreader Beams
Modular spreader beams use interchangeable struts and end units, allowing different spans and capacities to be created from the same system.
View the Multisec modular spreader beam range.
Adjustable Spreader Beams
Adjustable or telescopic beams allow the span to be changed using pinned, sliding or telescopic sections, making them useful for fast on-site adjustment.
Understanding WLL and Spreader Beam Capacity
The Working Load Limit, or WLL, is the maximum load a spreader beam is rated to lift safely under specified conditions. However, beam capacity is affected by more than load weight alone.
Span, sling angle, centre of gravity, load distribution and the specific beam configuration all affect the final selection.
For model-specific information, see our spreader beam capacity chart.
What affects spreader beam capacity?
Load Weight
The total weight of the load, including any attachments or lifting accessories.
Beam Span
The distance between lifting points. Longer spans can reduce available capacity.
Sling Angle
Lower sling angles increase forces in the rigging and connection points.
Sling angle and force increase
| Sling Angle | Force Effect | Selection Note |
|---|---|---|
| 90° | Lowest additional force | Most efficient lifting angle |
| 60° | Moderate increase | Commonly used in many lifting plans |
| 45° | Significant increase | Requires careful checking |
| 30° | Very high increase | Can overload rigging if not calculated correctly |
A beam rated for one capacity at a short span may have a reduced rating at a longer span. Always check the exact configuration, not just the model name.
How to Choose the Right Spreader Beam
Correct beam selection starts with the full lifting arrangement. Weight is important, but the lift points, span, headroom, rigging angles and certification requirements are just as important.
Define the Load
Confirm the load weight, dimensions, centre of gravity and any areas that need additional support.
Check Lift Points
Identify the number, position and strength of the lifting points. The beam span must suit the load geometry.
Assess Headroom
Spreader beams require top slings, so available headroom must be checked before selecting the arrangement.
Review Sling Angles
Low sling angles increase forces. These forces must be checked before selecting shackles, slings and beam configuration.
Select Beam Type
Choose fixed, modular, adjustable or bespoke depending on the lift, future use and site requirements.
Confirm Certification
Offshore, marine and high-risk projects may require DNV Type Approval or third-party verification.
DNV vs CE Certification
Certification is an important part of spreader beam selection, particularly for offshore, marine and complex lifting operations.
DNV Type Approval
DNV Type Approval provides independent verification that equipment has been designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with recognised offshore lifting requirements, such as DNV-ST-0378.
It is often required for offshore wind, oil and gas, marine and heavy lift projects.
CE Marking
CE marking confirms that equipment meets applicable European requirements. It is important for conformity, but it is not the same as independent offshore type approval.
For offshore lifting, project specifications may require DNV approval in addition to CE compliance.
For more detail on offshore lifting requirements, read our guide to DNV-ST-0378 lifting equipment.
CE shows conformity. DNV provides independent approval against demanding offshore lifting requirements.
Shackle and Rigging Selection
A spreader beam is only one part of the lifting system. Shackles, slings and connection hardware must all be correctly selected for the actual forces created during the lift.
Key checks include:
- Shackle Working Load Limit
- Pin type and compatibility
- Sling angle factors
- Connection point size
- Clearance around lugs and pins
- Correct orientation under load
- Certification and traceability
Common selection mistake
A common mistake is selecting shackles based only on the total load weight. The actual force at each connection can be higher depending on the sling angle and lifting arrangement.
For this reason, the complete rigging system should always be checked, not just the spreader beam.
Where Are Spreader Beams Used?
Offshore Wind
Used for lifting monopiles, transition pieces, nacelles, tooling and other large offshore components where control and certification are critical.
Construction
Used for lifting steelwork, bridge sections, precast concrete, plant, frames and large fabricated structures.
Ports and Marine
Used in shipyards, docks and port operations for lifting cargo, equipment, marine structures and project-specific loads.
For wider project requirements, see our guide to offshore lifting equipment.
Why Modular Spreader Beams Are Popular
Modular spreader beams are widely used because they allow companies to cover multiple lifting requirements with one adaptable system. This is especially valuable for contractors, hire fleets, offshore projects and businesses working across varied lift plans.
Operational advantages
- Different spans can be created using interchangeable struts
- Fewer fixed beams are required
- Transport and storage can be more efficient
- Systems can be reconfigured for future projects
Commercial advantages
- Reduces duplication across lifting equipment fleets
- Improves project flexibility
- Supports fast mobilisation
- Can provide long-term value over dedicated fixed beams
Multisec also designs bespoke lifting and spreader beams for lifting requirements outside the standard modular range.
Safety, Testing and Documentation
Every spreader beam should be designed, manufactured, tested and supplied with documentation suitable for its intended use.
Design
Designed to recognised lifting equipment standards and checked against the required lifting configuration.
Manufacture
Manufactured with appropriate material traceability, fabrication control and quality checks.
Testing
Proof load tested where required and supplied with the correct certification and user instructions.
Many lifting issues come from incorrect selection, poor rigging or misuse. Always check the full lifting system and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Spreader Beam FAQs
What is the difference between a spreader beam and a spreader bar?
The terms are often used interchangeably. Spreader beam is usually the more formal engineering term for a designed below-the-hook lifting device.
Can a spreader beam be used offshore?
Yes. Offshore projects may require additional certification, such as DNV Type Approval, depending on the project specification and lifting environment.
Does a longer span reduce capacity?
In many cases, yes. As the span increases, internal forces can increase and the rated capacity may reduce. Always check the beam’s capacity chart for the exact configuration.
What information is needed to specify a spreader beam?
You normally need the load weight, dimensions, centre of gravity, lifting point positions, required span, available headroom, sling angle and certification requirements.
Are modular spreader beams better than fixed beams?
Not always. Fixed beams are suitable for repeat lifts with the same geometry. Modular beams are better where different spans and lifting requirements are needed across multiple projects.
Need help choosing the right spreader beam?
Multisec designs and manufactures modular and bespoke spreader beam systems for heavy lifting, offshore, marine, construction and infrastructure applications.